Negotiating the best price

It takes a keen understanding of the home-buying process to be good at negotiating. Be sure you have it down before you make any offers on homes.

Here are tools and information the best negotiators use:

CMAs ?Comparable market analyses

Once you've found a home you want to buy, the first step in negotiation is to assess the fair value. CMAs show what similar properties in the area have sold for. Your real estate agent will have access to CMAs and can share them with you. Sites like RealEstate.com also have free home value estimators that let you check the selling prices of homes in your target neighborhood.

Generally, CMAs list houses in a particular location that are currently on the market, have sales pending, have expired from the market or have sold. It is the "sold" properties you need to look at because the list price and the offer aren’t necessarily the best indicators of what the house will sell for. There can be a big discrepancy between the two figures.

The CMA often gives you general information about the houses being compared: number of bedrooms and baths, square footage, the listing price and the sold price. Make sure you focus on houses similar to the one you've selected ?both in description and location. The more recent the data, the better.

Condition
Once you have the CMA, drive by all of the properties listed in the sold column. Condition has a lot to do with the ultimate selling price of a house. Does the home in which you're interested shine above or fall below those sold? Make a realistic comparison of condition, then adjust your thinking up or down according to what you see.

Extra amenities
Does the house you've chosen have more or fewer amenities than comparable homes? Although amenities won't affect the value as much as location or condition, they can be a factor. Be wary, though. An outdoor hot tub may have been a major motivating factor in your choice of a house, but it won't add much to the value of the property when you resell.

Motivation
A good negotiator gathers as much information as possible on the house and the sellers. The owner's reason for selling is at the top of the list. Does she have to sell? Want to sell? Just throwing it on the market at a high price to see if it'll move? If your agent representing you in the transaction is a buyer's agent, they can try to secure this information for you. If you're working with an agent representing the seller, they typically can't disclose this information without the seller's consent.

Preparation
Great negotiators always prepare themselves. The most important factor is your frame of mind. Never let emotions override common sense during negotiations. Set a realistic limit and stick to it. If the price isn't to your liking or is outside your budget, walk away.

In addition to your emotional frame of mind, your finances should be in order. An offer carries more weight if there are no dangling financial problems and if you're prequalified for a mortgage.

Realism
Make a realistic offer. Nothing turns a seller off more than a low-ball offer on a house that is fairly priced. Often, negotiations will stop, rarely to be revived again.

An example: Mr. and Mrs. Buyer find the perfect house after looking for months. The house is listed at $155,000.

Mr. and Mrs. Buyer have a CMA that shows average selling prices in the neighborhood to be $148,000 to $153,000. Ignoring the CMA, they offer $120,000.

Mr. and Mrs. Seller, annoyed at the low offer, counteroffer at full selling price, $155,000. The Buyers, still wanting to steal this house, make a second offer of $125,000. The Sellers, very frustrated, don't move from their $155,000 price.

Suddenly, there is word that another offer is forthcoming from the Smiths. The Buyers up their offer to $154,000 and the Sellers accept.

A first offer in the $150,000 range (remember, the CMA showed $148,000 to $153,000) may well have been accepted by the Sellers. If this is the case, the Buyers have paid $4,000 more than necessary.